Essay about Racism and Sexism in the Bluest Eye - 1798 Words

Toni Morrison, the author of The Bluest Eye, centers her novel around two things: beauty and wealth in their relation to race and a brutal rape of a young girl by her father. Morrison explores and exposes these themes in relation to the underlying factors of black society: racism and sexism. Every character has a problem to deal with and it involves racism and/or sexism. Whether the characters are the victim or the aggressor, they can do nothing about their problem or condition, especially when concerning gender and race. Morrisons characters are clearly at the mercy of preconceived notions maintained by society. Because of these preconceived notions, the racism found in The Bluest Eye is not whites against blacks. Morrison writes about†¦show more content†¦Despite knowing that they are nicer, brighter, they cannot ignore the honey voices of parents and aunts and the obedience in the eyes of [their] peers, the slippery light in the eyes of [their] teachers when Maureen is ar ound or the topic of conversation (74). The way Maureen dresses and behaves in front of adults is not the only way she affects Claudia and Frieda. With racist comments such as, What do I care about her old black daddy...[and] you ugly! Black and ugly black e mos. I am cute, she infuriates the girls, for in their eyes Maureen is black too. Racist attitudes like Maureens affect the poorer, darker blacks and can eventually lead them to think racist thoughts of their own. Pauline Breedlove, Pecolas mother, experiences racism within the black community when she moves to Lorain, Ohio. Being a dark-skinned black woman from the south, she does not understand why northern colored folk was different... [and why they were] no better than whites for meanness (117). She recognizes the hierarchy, or the difference between colored people and niggers within the black community, especially from the light-skinned women she encounters (87). One of these light-skinned black women is Geraldine, Juniors mother, who believes colored people were neat and quiet; niggers were dirty and loud (87). She even tells her sonShow MoreRelatedRacism And Sexism In Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye2105 Words   |  9 PagesHow does racism and sexism play a part in the novel, The Bluest Eye? Have you ever experienced or seen racism and/or sexism and you were not able to help make the situation better? Throughout the novel The Bluest Eye, the author, Toni Morrison takes us on a journey of an eleven-year-old girl named Pecola Breedlove whose love for blond hair and blue eyes affects how she perceives everyone around her. The novel takes place in Lorain, Ohio where Morrison grew up. Pecola wishes for blue eyes because sheRead MoreBluest Eye1268 Words   |  6 Pagesa black African could write a good book† (Satwase). In the Bluest Eye Toni Morrison uses wrong and discomfort to show the crushing consequences that come from racism. In 1950 America, racial discrimination was implied by different skin colors. The Bluest Eye shows ways in which white beauty standards hurt lives of black females, blacks that discriminate on each other and the community’s bias on who you were. Toni Morrison uses the racism of the 1950 s and shows that It is the blackness that accounts Read MoreThe Development Of Girls1172 Words   |  5 Pagescooking, and raising children. This inequality between men and women and the roles girls feel required to play impact their individuality. This essay will explore how the factors of racism, sexism and classism intertwine and contour girls’ characteristics using an analysis of The House on Mango Street, The Bluest Eye and Bastard out of Carolina. I argue that society’s idea of perfection and the pressures to fit into stereotypes negatively impacts young girls’ identities because of the notions thatRead MoreRacism By Toni Morrison Analysis982 Words   |  4 PagesThe noble laureate winning author Toni Morrison comments that â€Å"racism hurts in a very personal way† (Bouson 103). This might be a hint towards the long term generational consequences that racism causes. Having the entire future generation jeopardized by the concept of racism is indeed a pain that will hurt anyone who has love for his /her community. Morrison believes that the lives and relationships of people are affected by racism as she remarks â€Å"Because of it, people do all sorts of things in theirRead MoreSocial Stratification1349 Words   |  6 Pageswas not beautiful. Most of African-American women had to work for a living. (Bharti, Joshi, June, 2009, P. 38) Such ideology referred by Toni Morrison in â€Å"The Bluest Eye†, has been exemplified in the process of interview. African-American woman viewed her life as being dominated by racial and gender biases. They are victimized by racism, sexism and classism, both from the white world and their own men. Class exploitation is perhaps the worst and most pressing source of oppression of colored people inRead MoreWhat Does The Bird Of The Children s Hands Represent?1955 Words   |  8 Pagesappropriate intention – language to unite a nation, make peace, or spread familial love. 3. How does the statement: â€Å"In her country†¦or expressing love†¦Ã¢â‚¬  relate to how adults in The Bluest Eye communicate with the children in the novel? How might Cholly relate to this idea? The statement relates to how the adults in The Bluest Eye communicate with the children, especially among the black adults and children, because they are taught to loathe their blackness and envy and adore the whiteness of their whiteRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1587 Words   |  7 Pagesdie to live.† Toni Morrison correlates to Nelson’s quote in her Nobel Lecture of 1993, â€Å"We die. That may be the meaning of life. But we do language. That may be the measure of our lives.† In Toni Morrison’s novel, The Bluest Eye, she uses language to examine the concepts of racism, lack of self-identity, gender roles, and socioeconomic hardships as they factor into a misinterpretation of the American Dream. Morrison illustrates problems that these issues provoke through the struggles of an AfricanRead MoreThe Bluest Eye Racism Analysis1336 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison depicts racism all throughout the novel. Discrimination is very heavy in the 1940s, and the protagonist Pecola Breedlove experiences that. Pecola is a lower-class black girl who is constantly picked on for not only her looks, but her uncontrollable family situation. Maureen Peal is a new girl that arrives at Pecola’s school, and she is an upper-class, wealthy black girl. When Maureen goes out for ice cream with Pecola, Frieda, and Claudia, the girls talk about menstruationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Bluest Eye 1484 Words   |  6 PagesWithin The Bluest Eye, as in real life, black people, no matter their wealth or education, are constantly faced with the assumptions and demands of a Eurocentric dominated world. Some of these involve encounters with actual people, as when white furniture movers refuse to take back the Breedlove’s torn couch, or when a white candy store owner displays his contemptuous indifference towards Pecola because she’s black. In the novel,Morrison looks deeply into the personality of her charac ters, exploringRead Morestudy on toni morrison Essay2402 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿A Study On Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye Ying-Hua,Liao Introduction Toni Morrison was the winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize for Literature. She is a prominent contemporary American writer devoted to the black literary and cultural movement. Her achievements and dedication to the promotion of black culture have established her distinguished status in American literature. Many critics applaud Toni Morrison’s artistic talent and contribution to American literature. Darwin T. Turner, for example

Evolution of Women in the Military Free Essays

string(133) " World War II for the number of women that served; emphasizing both the need for women in the military and their commitment to duty\." The Evolution of Women in the Military Abstract Women are without doubt an integral part of the military services. It took the determination of women throughout history to pave the way for the 400,000, women that serve today. From the early years of the military to the present conflict in Afghanistan, women have made continuous progress towards equality. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Women in the Military or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is through their contributions that the military has evolved, consistently opening more jobs to women in combat. Time has proven that war does not discriminate; a successful military uses the strengths of all members despite their gender. The Evolution of Women in the Military Women in Military History Although not officially enlisted into the services, women have been a part of the military dating back to the American Revolutionary War. Throughout history, they have challenged the norms of society and pursued their dedication to the Nation, fighting for our freedom. Women in the military have fought through challenges and obstacles in both fighting for equality and establishing their roles in combat. It is clear that the military services would not be what they are today without their contributions and sacrifices. The Early Years From the American Revolutionary War through the Civil War women contributed to the war in both conventional and unconventional ways. In serving as what we would call today Combat Service Support, they took care of the wounded, brought water to troops, provided laundry services, and served as cooks. Many women directly supported the cause by disguising themselves as men in order to fight in the war. Two such documented cases were Deborah Sampson during the American Revolutionary War and Elizabeth Newcom during the Mexican War. Sampson served in the Continental Forces for over a year, she only earned half of the pension the men received during that time. Newcom enlisted in the Missouri volunteer Infantry and marched for over 600 miles. Once discovered, the military discharged her with no benefits. There were also several women who fought alongside their husbands with no pay or benefits. If their husbands received wounds during the conflict, they did not hesitate for a second to step in and continue the fight. One of the most well-known women of the Civil War was Dr. Mary Walker. She was unable to find a paying job in the military simply because she was a woman, She volunteered on the front lines, saving thousands of lives. Although the military did not call these women â€Å"Soldiers,† at that time, I would argue that their actions and contributions whether directly in the fight or support were that of Soldiers. From the Spanish American War in 1898 to 1908 women continued to progress. With the number of casualties from the war overwhelming the medical system, the military services were in dire need of help. They had no choice but to allow women into the services, but continued to restrict them as contract workers only. By the war’s end, the Army hired over 1,500 nurse contractors that served at hospitals throughout the world. The performance of the contract nurses was not without notice; this prompted Dr McGee to write legislation creating a permanent corps of nurses. This was a major turning point for women in the military, which resulted in the first woman appointed as the Acting Assistant Surgeon General, Dr. Anita Newcomb McGee. It was evident that the Army could not meet the demands of the war without the use of women resulting in the establishment of the Army Nurses Corp in 1901 and the Navy Nurse Corp in 1908 (â€Å"Highlights in History,† n. . ). The period of World War I and World War II brought significant advancements for women in the military although it would prove that women were expendable. After the passing of the Selective Service Act and the draft initiated, there were over 4. 8 million men served fighting in the war. This had a significant impact on the women of the nation not only were they needed to fill the millions of jobs left on the home front, but the military needed the women to free the men of noncombatant duties. The Navy and Marines were the first to enlist women ignoring red tape from congress. The Navy enlisted over 12,000 Yeomen and 1,500 nurses and the Marines enlisted over 300 women in the reserves as telephone operators and clerks. The Army unofficially enlisted over 21,000 nurses as contract workers and volunteers. The Army Signal Corp trained over 300 bilingual telephone operators and stenographers. At the end of the war, the military did not recognize women for their service or consider them Veterans. For example, the telephone operators left the military with little appreciation, receiving no ceremonies and no formal discharge or benefits. These women erformed duties no less important than the men did and the mission would have failed without them, yet the military was able to dismiss them with no concern for their contributions. In 1979, the Army reviewed the women’s service and determined that they performed duties as any other Soldier had. They gave them full recognition; unfortunately, for many it was too late, they passed away never receiving the title of â€Å"Veteran. † As women volunteered for service for a resistant military, compared to the many men that the government drafted it was clear the military did not appreciate their commitment, sacrifices and value the worth of women. This was evident by the Army Reorganization Act in 1920, which granted military nurses â€Å"relative rank† of an officer, not receiving the same pay, benefits, and privileges as that of male officers of the same rank (â€Å"Chronicles of,† 2007). As World War II began, the military could not ignore the contribution of women during World War I and knew they could not fight another war without them. During World War II, over 400,000 women served in the military in both the United States and Overseas. We know World War II for the number of women that served; emphasizing both the need for women in the military and their commitment to duty. You read "Evolution of Women in the Military" in category "Papers" However, women would bear many challenges during this time. Women in the military continued to go against the norms of society that considered womens place to be at home taking care of the home and family. The majority of men in the military did not accept them as equals; although they held many positions previously only held by men. The problems with date rape and slander continued. According to Gruhzit-Hoyt (1995), a quote heard often among men in the Navy, they had â€Å"joined the navy to ride the WAVES† (Women Accepted for Volunteer Service). These challenges continue to exist even in today’s military. Highly trained women were underutilized and ranked far below their duties and responsibilities. It was common for higher ranking individuals to assign some women as babysitters and personal servants. The Corps of Engineers and Medical Services used their assigned women as â€Å"mop commandos† (Weatherford, 1990). One example is of a private named Mary McMillin. She held the womens world altitude record in parachuting, having jumped from 24,800 feet and known for her work as a daredevil in the flying circus. Her duties in the Army were to pack parachutes for young men who had never jumped before in their lives (Weatherford, 1990). The rank of women during this time was far below that of men. One such case was Oveta Culp Hobby; she was responsible for over 60,000 women, formed an organization from scratch, and took on complex missions. Her rank was Colonel, which compared to the rank of a man who would command no more than 500 Soldiers (Weatherford, 1990). These are only a few examples but women felt the inequality throughout the military for many years. Women not only had the issues of being a female in the military, but they dealt with the same issues that the men did being at war. They had substandard living conditions, which were sometimes worse than the mens, lack of supplies and fear of the Enemy. In 1942, the Japanese held sixty-seven women for over two years as Prisoners of War (POW). They also captured five Navy nurses holding them for five months and a second group, holding them for 37 months. The Japanese treated the women worse than the men POW, raping and harassing them on a consistent basis. These events further supported the view of the majority of society who believed the military service was no place for a woman. This did not stop women from fighting to be in the services. By the end of the war, the military made significant strides in establishing women into the military. All services had developed either a corps or reserve for women; the Army established the WAC, the Air Force established the Women Air force Service Pilots (WASP), the Navy established the Women Excepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), and the Marines and Coast Guard established the Women’s Reserves. It is hard to imagine how the war would have ended without the 400,000 women that served. Nether less, it was clear that history would repeat itself and once again, the military dismissed the majority of women even if more qualified than their male counterparts. Time for Change The years following World War II through Post Korean War would bring much change and initial uncertainty for women in the services, yet would prove to be a time of positive and lasting change. In 1945, the WAC closed for enlistment, closing all training centers. The number of women in the WAC decreased from over 150,000, to barely 3,000. Although some women were happy to return home to their lives before the war, found that they had the need and passion to do more. The Army realized the need to maintain women in the regular Army, therefore, a year later the Army Chief of Staff Gen Dwight D. Eisenhower began the process of making the WAC a permanent part of the Army. After three years with Lt. Col. Mary Louise Milligan leading the way, President Truman signed the Women’s Armed Service’s Integration Act. This was a historic time for women throughout all services. The first enlisted women entered the Regular Army was in July 1948, and the first WAC officers received Regular Army appointments in December 1948 (â€Å"Women in the,† n. d. ). This opened the door for the military to recognize women for their service and made it possible for women to make the military a career. It was through the Korean War and the years following that women would begin to understand what being part of the Regular Army would mean. The Army recalled many Officers for duty and involuntarily extended those enlisted that had planned to leave the military. More than 500 women served in the combat zone. The Koreans killed Seventeen women during the war, which was considerably less than World War II; fortunately, the military gave these women the same courtesies and benefits as the men. Following the Korean War, more positions opened to women, and training available for women increased tremendously. A true testament to women fully integrating into the services is the addition of reenlistment bonuses and pay increases and for the first time implementation of uniforms for women. Women could finally say that they were officially part of the United States military organization although the battle for true equality was far from won. The military’s expectations of women were in contradiction to the growing feminist movement in the United States during the Vietnam War but would eventually have to adhere to the expectations of the nation (â€Å"Highlights in History,† n. d. ). The military expected women to look like women. They were to dress appropriately in skirts and high heels, where make up, and use appropriate ladylike manners. These guidelines even applied to the women in Vietnam. The military spent money to retrain women to perform what they considered a womens work, such as typing and cooking, even if trained and proficient in other technical skills. These actions further restricted promotions for women making them uncompetitive and ineligible for promotion to Admiral or General. Eventually the military could no longer go against the demands of female service members for equality; congress voted to allow womens promotion to higher pay grades to include Admiral and General in 1967. â€Å"Women in the,† n. d. ). This movement would propel many firsts for women throughout the Vietnam War to include; first woman enlisted in the Air National Guard, promoted to Brigadier General, aircraft maintenance officer, promoted to Major General, first naval vessel sails with female and male crew, and the Army’s first woman helicopter pilot. Although this was a step in the right direction, there was still a long road to equality. The Armed Services Committee of the US House of Representatives made the following statement making that clear. †¦ here cannot be complete equality between men and women in the matter of military careers. The stern demands of combat, sea duty, and other types of assignments directly related to combat are not placed upon women in our society. †¦ It is recognized that a male officer in arriving at the point where he may be considered for general and flag rank passes through a crucible to which the woman officer is not subjected—such as combat, long tours at sea, and other dangers and isolation (â€Å"Women in the,† n. d. ). From the post Vietnam Era to the present, women continued to earn their way to the highest ranks in the military. They took on the toughest jobs and assignments and proved that they were as capable as men to complete the most complex missions. During this time, women enter into the service academies and graduate, a woman commands a major military installation, the first African-American woman promoted to Brigadier General. During Operation Just Cause in Panama, two woman Command companies and the list continues. Women would continue to show their relevance through Operation Iraqi Freedom and presently in Operation Enduring Freedom. Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) would prove to be both a time for women to excel and time of great challenges for women in the military. There have been more women killed in OIF than in any war since World War II with over 200,000 deployed. Unfortunately, the war itself has not been the only challenge. The biggest challenge has come from within our own ranks. According to several studies of the US military funded by the Department of Veteran Affairs, 30% of military women are raped while serving, 71% are sexually assaulted, and 90% are sexually harassed (Benedict, 2009). While deployed leadership issues women whistles, ordered them to stay with battle buddies. Is this what a Soldier deserves while fighting for her country? With the increase of sexual misconduct, the military has taken a more proactive approach to training and has given victims more options for reporting. Although not officially authorized to serve in direct combat, they are. They conduct patrol, female searches at checkpoints and serve as pilots just to name a few. This has led to the debate of womens roles in combat. Womans Roles in Combat Women’s roles in combat have been a subject of debate. Both in the military and within society, people believe that women do not belong in direct combat or on the front lines. Those that do support women in combat argue that some, not all women are just as capable as men to perform combat duties and should be afforded the same opportunities as men in the military. There are compelling arguments on both sides, but the truth is that women will continue to fight for equal treatment in all facets of the military. Although the thought of women fighting on the front lines of combat is at times difficult to imagine, it is reality. There are concerns with physical capability, mental ability, and effects on the unit. The opposition says that women are caretakers, nurturers, life givers and everything that combat entails goes against those roles. Combat as defined by General Robert Barrow, former commandant of the US Marine Corps, â€Å"exposure to danger is not combat. Being shot at, even being killed, is not combat. Combat is finding†¦closing with†¦and killing or capturing the enemy. It is killing, and it’s done in an environment that is often as difficult as you can possibly imagine†¦Brutality. Death. Dying. It’s uncivilized! And women can’t do it† (Muir, 1992, p. 3). This statement is very broad and stereotypes all women. However, not all women are the same and many women want the same opportunity to fight and die if need be for their country. Another common argument is that women do not have the physical strength and stamina to conduct combat missions. Most would agree that the majority of women, as with many men, are not physically capable to perform combat duties. Therefore, the military should develop a physical test to determine MOS eligibility. This would enable the most qualified personnel to perform in combat, regardless of sex. Is a woman mentally capable of killing, can they pull the trigger? Women may go through a different decision-making process than a man, although with training, and mission analysis, they will do what they have to do. Combat has an effect on all service members. Women will have post combat issues, but no different than men. Effects on the units can be minimal if the military develops a slow and deliberate plan to integrate women into the units. Change is difficult, but we are a Military that must adapt to a constantly changing environment. As with the repeal of â€Å"Don’t ask, Don’t tell† it is the leader’s responsibility to educate, train, and enforce changes that in the end state will only make us a stronger military. The Military Leadership Diversity Committee is currently in support of women fulfilling combat roles. It is clear that women have been serving in combat roles unofficially for years. Units have cleverly attached women to combat units instead of assigning them or simply tasking them to perform missions in direct combat. The mission will place many women not attached or tasked in direct combat with the enemy meeting the exact definition of General Robert Barrow. Therefore, the reality is that women are on the front lines, and it is time that the military opens all jobs to women. Considering the major contributions of women, and the impact they had on the military, it is imperative that the military gives women the same opportunities to serve their country as their male counterparts. Contributions of Women throughout History Many legendary women throughout military history are not well known. Early in history they did not serve in legitimate roles; therefore, nobody wrote about or recognized them until many years later. Yet it is important to understand without their contributions things may be different today. Catherine Moore Barry was primarily responsible for General Morgan defeating Gen Cornwallis at Cowpens during the Revolutionary War, which ultimately resulted in the Colonies winning their independence from Britain. Rose O’Neal Greenhow who became one of the best-known spies during the Civil War sent a message to Gen Beauregard resulting in him taking Bull Run. Col Ruby Bradley who is the most decorated Army Nurse served for 34 years, participating in the WWII and the Korean War. More recently, Maj Marie Therese Rossi, she was the first female combat Commander to fly into battle. She paid the ultimate sacrifice when her helicopter crashed in March 1991. Finally, Sgt Leigh Ann Hester who is the first female to receive the Silver Star Medal since World War II. These are only a few examples of woman’s contributions throughout the years, but if they had been there where would we be today. Conclusion From the days of the Revolutionary War when women disguised themselves as men to fight in the war to today when women are closer than ever to equal treatment as the men they serve alongside of, they have endured through numerous challenges and obstacles. Women battled against sexual harassment and assault, rape, slander and unequal pay and benefits. During the early wars, many underestimated the value of women. Commanders in charge did not want women in their ranks. As time and war, progressed Commanders had a newfound respect for females in their units and would ask for them over the men. Although the military had become dependent on women to fill the noncombat positions, they immediately discharged them at the war’s end until 1948 when they enlisted in the Regular Army. From this point on women had fought the uphill battle to today in 2012 when congress opened another 14,000 jobs for women closer to the front lines. Through their contributions, sacrifices and determination women’s relevance in the military is clear; they have challenged the norms of society and assisted in the success of the military we know today as the best in the world. References Benedict, H. (2009). The lonely soldier. Boston, MA: Beacon Press Books. Chronicle of nursing. (2007). Retrieved from http://www. asrn. org/jouranl-chronicle-nursing/207-military-nursing. html Gruhzit-Hoyt, O. (1995). They also served. New York, NY: Carol Publishing Group. Highlights in the history of military women. (n. d. ). Retrieved from www. womensmemorial. org/Education/timeline. html Muir, K. (1992). Arms and the women. London, England: Sinclair-Stevenson Limited. Weatherford, D. (1990). American women and world war II. New York, NY: Facts on File. Women in the U. S. Army. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. army. mil/women/newera. html How to cite Evolution of Women in the Military, Papers

Subdividing and Amalgamating Land

Question: Discuss about the Subdividing and Amalgamating Land. Answer: Introduction: The given case is related to personal exertion income norms that are applicable in Australia. As per the information provided, the case deals with Hilary who happens to be a famous mountain climber. Due to her fame, people are interested in knowing more about Hilarys personal life. Inspired by this thought, a newspaper (Daily Terror) offers a sum of $ 10,000 to Hilary for writing her life story. Even though Hilary lacked any previous experience in writing, but still she could manage to complete her story without taking any external assistance. Hilary took $ 10,000 from the newspaper and sold the story along with all the related rights. The manuscript of her story was sold for a consideration of $ 5,000 to Mitchell Library. Further, the photos clicked during her mountain expeditions were also sold to a museum for a consideration of $ 2,000. The aim of this case is to ascertain the income from amongst the above that would be classified as personal exertion income. In accordance with Section 393-10, ITAA 1997, personal exertion income constitutes the following income (Sadiq et. al., 2015). Income earned in the form of commission Bonus Fees Wages/Salaries Pension Superannuation allowances It is imperative that the above mentioned income should be received by the employee in lieu of services offered by the individual either on standalone basis or partnering with another person. Based on the above discussion with regards to personal exertion income definition, it may be derived that for Hilary all the money derived would be taken as personal exertion income (Barkoczy, 2015). The explanation in this regard is offered below. The newspaper gave her $ 10,000 for writing the story and hence she got the money for indulging in writing which she carried out alone. Also, she indulged in writing with the underlying intention of making money as she started writing only once the offer was given by the local newspaper. The manuscript was derived because of the offer by the local newspaper which got her into writing the book about her life. If she had not indulged in writing of the book, there would not be any income in relation to the manuscript. The income to the tune of $ 2,000 that she obtained by sale of photographs during her expeditions were also attributed to the offer by the newspaper as without the book writing exercise, this income would not be derived. Hence, from the above discussion, it is apparent that all the three types of income are directly or indirectly attributed to the offer of story writing by the newspaper. As a result, it is concluded that all the income to the tune of $ 17,000 would be treated as personal exertion income. Thus, assuming no other source of income, the taxable income for Hilary would be $ 17,000 and since this is lower than the taxable limit, hence no tax would be levied. In case, Hilary was driven by only self-satisfaction while writing the story, in that case also, the derived compensation will be given the same treatment as above. This is in line with the arguments stated in the Graham v CIR [1961] NZLR 994 case. In this particular case, the taxpayer was engaged in activities related with preaching and was solely driven by self satisfaction. However, the court reached the verdict that any income or proceeds collected from followers would be termed as personal income exertion irrespective of the fact that the central objective of the taxpayer was not to earn any income. This was because in the position that the taxpayer was in, it was natural to expect some gifts from the followers and thus due to expected nature of proceeds, these were considered income (Gupta, 2009). The essence of the above case can be applied in the Hilarys case since even though she might write driven by her satisfaction, but she is well aware that her story would have some com mercial value because of her fame as a mountain climber and hence could expect some proceeds or income from sale of the book and also the manuscript. Thus, the income derived above would be still treated in the same manner as above The given case pertains to the income tax implications of the principal repayment along with the interest income. As per the given information, a sum of $ 40,000 is lent to the son which the son promises would return after five years. The two of them do not enter into any formal agreement for the loan and the mother also does not demand any security from the son as collateral. The mother does not expect to earn any interest income from the amount lent as a result of the relationship that the lender shares with the borrower. The son repays the whole amount along with an interest of 5% after two years only instead of the promised five years. Hence, total interest given to the mother = (5/100)*40000*2 = $ 4,000 Therefore, the son paid a total amount of $ 44,000 through a single cheque and hence did not indulge in any bifurcation of the principal and the interest amount. The interest income typically falls within the ambit or ordinary income that is covered under Section 6(5), ITAA 1997. In order for the interest income to be taxed, either it should be invested in an instrument which pays interest or the person concerned should be engaged in money lending business (Gilders et. al., 2015). In the given case, it is apparent from the given information that the mother is not engaged in the business of money lending. This is apparent from the fact that she does not execute any formal loan agreement with the son and does not demand any collateral to ensure recovery in case of default. Besides, it is clearly stated that she had no intention of earning interest on the money extended but hoped to just gain back the principal after five years (Deutsch et. al., 2015). Thus, logically it can be derived that the interest income of $ 4,000 would not be taxable income for the mother and would be considered as gift from the son which is voluntary and driven from the personal relationship that the two share. Hence, the entire amount of $ 44,000 that has been paid to the mother by the son is out of the ambit of tax. Thus, there would not be any tax implications of the incremental amount received by the mother on account of extending financial help to the son. CGT or Capital Gains Tax is levied in the event of the liquidation of any capital asset by a particular entity. The formula for computation of capital gains is given below (Barkoczy, 2015). Capital gains = Selling price of the asset Cost base of the asset Typically, the assets cost base not only contains the cost of acquisition but also the incidental costs involved and any cost incurred for asset value improvement. For any capital asset whose holding period is in excess of 12 months, the capital gains tax may be determined using the following two approaches (Sadiq et. al., 2015). Discount Method: This approach is only valid for individuals and certain small businesses. As per this method, a rebate of 50% in the capital gains is offered and therefore only the remaining 50% id subject to CGT purview. Indexation Method: This method may be applied only for those capital assets that were bought before 21st September, 1999. The indexation method enables enhancement of cost base on the basis of the CPI or consumer price index. This indexed cost can then be utilised to calculate the taxable capital gains. As per the information provided, the `sales proceeds derived from the property liquidated on March 1, 2015 is $ 800,000. It is apparent that property comes under the aegis of CGT since the house was built after September 20, 1985. At the time, the house was built, the land value was estimated at 90,000 while that of construction was $ 60,000. Scott can avail either of the methods of CGT i.e. discount method and indexation method. In order to enable a rational choice, the taxable capital gains have been computed using both approaches as shown below. Discount Method Sales proceeds $800,000 Less: Acquisition Cost $(90,000) Less: Improvement Cost $(60,000) Net Capital Gains $650,000 Discount @ 50% $325,000 Taxable Capital Gains subject to CGT $325,000 Thus, it is apparent from the above computation that taxable capital gains in accordance with discount method amounts to $ 325,000. Indexation Method Sales proceeds $800,000 Less: indexed acquisition cost 90000*(107.5/68.5) $(140,830) Less: indexed improvement cost $(93,885) Capital Gain $565,285 Based on the above calculation, it is apparent that the taxable capital gains would amount to $ 565,285. Since the taxable capital gains are lesser in discount method as compared to the indexation method, hence Scott would prefer the discount method (ATO, 2015a). As per the information provided, the property is now sold to Scotts daughter for a consideration of $ 200,000 which is significantly lesser than the stated market value in the above case. Due to the sale being done to a family member, the transaction has not being done at an arms length. In such cases, the capital proceeds arising from the asset would be the higher of the current market value and the capital proceeds on actual sale (ATO, 2015b). In the given case, it is apparent that out of the actual sales proceeds (i.e $ 200,000) and the fair value of the property (i.e. $ 800,000), the higher amount is $ 800,000 which would be considered for computation of capital gains. As a result, the taxable capital gains for this transaction also would be $325,000 as computed using the discount method shown above. Now it is known that asset owner is not an individual but a company and hence the answer would vary. From the discussion in part a, it is known that discount method is not applicable for companies. Thus, discount method could not be used and only option available would be the indexation method of taxable capital gains computation. As per this method, the taxable capital gains are $565,285 as shown in part (a). Bibliography ATO 2015a, Subdividing and amalgamating land, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/In-detail/Real-estate/Subdividing-and-amalgamating-land/ (Accessed on August 16, 2016) ATO 2015b, Why do you need a market valuation, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/In-detail/Real-estate/Transferring-real-estate-to-family-or-friends/?page=3 (Accessed on August 16, 2016) Barkoczy, S. 2015. Australian tax casebook. CCH Publications, Sydney Deutsch, R, Freizer, M, Fullerton, I, Hanley, P, Snape, T 2015, Australian tax handbook 8th eds., Thomson Reuters, Pymont Gilders, F, Taylor, J, Walpole, M, Burton, M. Ciro, T 2015, Understanding taxation law 2015, 8th eds., LexisNexis/Butterworths. Gupta, R. 2009. Receipts from Personal Exertion: Mere Gifts or Gross Income?, Auckland University o Technology, Available online from https://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/735/GuptaR.pdf?sequence=5 (Accessed on August 30, 2015) Sadiq, K, Coleman, C, Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan, S, Krever, R, Obst, W, and Ting, A 2015 ,Principles of Taxation Law 2015,8th eds., Thomson Reuters, Pymont

Suicide Essays (1602 words) - 9, The Mother-Daughter Book Club

Suicide Can you single out just one day from your past that you can honestly say changed your life forever? I know I can. It was a typical January day, with one exception; it was the day the Pope came to St. Louis. My brother and I had tickets to the youth rally, and we were both very excited. It was destined to be an awesome day- or so we thought. The glory and euphoria of the Papal visit quickly faded into a time of incredible pain and sorrow, a time from which I am still emerging. That day. The date was Tuesday, January 26, 1999, and the entire city of St. Louis was anxiously awaiting the arrival of the Pope. The day started with a bus ride to Laclede's Landing where thousands of high school students joined together and marched to the Kiel Center where the Papal Youth rally was being held. When the Pope finally arrived at around 7:30 PM, it was absolutely breathtaking. The Holy Father's words covered everything from baseball, and Mark McGwire, to teen suicide. Even though I did not realize it at that moment, his words were about to become a huge part of my life. By the time I got home, my brother had already arrived and was enthusiastically recounting the day's events to my mom, who had obviously been crying. When he finally stopped carrying on, my mom told me to sit down and then she told me. I will never forget her exact words or even the way she said them. ?Megan committed suicide today.? I stared blankly at her, I knew she had to be lying, she had to be wrong, Megan would never do that. We had been too good of friends for too long, I knew her too well. Megan was always happy, she always had a joke to tell. She had such a bright future, she was an excellent athlete and it seemed as though she succeeded in everything she tried. We played Volleyball together, we were co-captains of the soccer team and we even managed the wrestling team together. I never imagined the word suicide could even be a part of her vocabulary. That is why I knew there had to be some mistake, my mom had to be wrong. My mom then went on to tell me the details of what happened, but it did not matter, I did not hear her. Even though I was exhausted after a long day, my mom drove me to my friend's house. I still had not cried, we just sat in the car in silence. I knew there had to be a mistake. However, as soon as I saw the tear stained face of my friend, I knew everything was true. That is when the tears came, and I'm not quite sure when they stopped. They lasted for hours on end. The days that followed that day are still a little blurry. I did not go to school; but then again most people did not. Most of Megan's friends got together to make a cross and collages of pictures; however, I could not bring myself to get off the couch. Everyone was nice enough to include me in everything. They put my name on the cross and put tons of pictures of Megan and me in the collages. My phone rang off the hook with people checking to make sure I was OK. Our old soccer coach even flew in from Georgia to help us deal with everything. As the funeral neared, I was suffering from many mixed emotions. I could not figure out whether to be upset or angry, or what to feel at all. Not only did I have to deal with the loss of a friend, but also I had to deal with the fact that she did it herself. Then came the subject of her parents. I wanted to blame everything on them. It made everything so easy; who else could be blamed? Maybe if they had cared just a little bit more, this all could have been prevented. I just did not know what to think. Then came the funeral. The day of the wake, I was totally convinced

Notable Quotes from George Orwells Animal Farm

Notable Quotes from George Orwells Animal Farm George Orwells  influential, allegorical  novel  Animal Farm was published in 1945. In the novel, the overworked and mistreated animals on a farm all begin to follow the precepts of Animalism, rise up against the humans, take over the farm, and rename the place: Animal Farm. Here are a few quotes from this famous work. All men are enemies. All animals are comrades.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 1THE SEVEN COMMANDMENTS1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.3. No animal shall wear clothes.4. No animal shall sleep in a bed.5. No animal shall drink alcohol.6. No animal shall kill any other animal.7. All animals are equal.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 2The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be. Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure, now that it was truly their own food, produced by themselves and for themselves, not doled out to them by a grudging master.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 3I will work harder!- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 3FOUR LEGS GOOD, TWO LEGS BAD- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 3It was given out that the animals there practiced cannibalism, tortured one another with red-hot horseshoes, and had their females in common. This was what came of rebelling against the laws o f Nature, Frederick and Pilkington said.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 4 I have no wish to take life, not even human life, repeated Boxer, and his eyes were full of tears.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 4Napoleon is always right.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 5All that year the animals worked like slaves. But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them, and not for a pack of idle, thieving human beings.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 6The human beings did not hate Animal Farm any less now that it was prospering; indeed, they hated it more than ever.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 6They were always cold, and usually hungry as well.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 7If she herself had had any picture of the future, it had been of a society of animals set free from hunger and the whip, all equal, each working according to his capacity, the strong protecting the weak.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 7 They had come to a time when no one dared speak his mind, when fierce, growling dogs roamed everywhere, and when you had to watch your comrades torn to pieces after confessing to shocking crimes. Chapter 7Some of the animals remembered or thought they remembered that the Sixth Commandment decreed, No animal shall kill any other animal. And though no one cared to mention it in the hearing of the pigs or the dogs, it was felt that the killings which had taken place did not square with this.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 8Besides, in those days they had been slaves and now they were free, and that made all the difference, as Squealer did not fail to point out.- George Orwell, Animal Farm, Ch. 9 Study Guide Questions for study and discussion.General book club questions for Study and Discussion

Admiral Yi Sun Shin of Korea

Admiral Yi Sun Shin of Korea Admiral Yi Sun Shin of Joseon Korea is revered today in both North Korea and South Korea. Indeed, attitudes toward the great naval commander verge on worshipful in South Korea, and Yi appears in several television dramas, including the eponymous Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-shin from 2004-05.   The admiral almost single-handedly saved Korea during the Imjin War (1592-1598), but his career path in the corrupt Joseon military was anything but smooth. Early Life Yi Sun Shin was born in Seoul on April 28, 1545. His family was noble, but his grandfather had been purged from the government in the Third Literati Purge of 1519, so the Deoksu Yi clan steered clear of government service. As a child, Yi reportedly played commander in neighborhood war games and made his own functional bows and arrows. He also studied Chinese characters and classics, as was expected of a yangban boy. In his twenties, Yi began to study at a military academy. There he learned archery, horseback riding, and other martial skills. He took the Kwago National Military Exam to become a junior officer at the age of 28, but fell from his horse during the cavalry test and broke his leg. Legend holds that he hobbled to a willow tree, cut some branches, and splinted his own leg so that he could continue the test. In any case, he failed the exam due to this injury. Four years later, in 1576, Yi took the military exam once more and passed.  He became the oldest junior officer in the Joseon military at the age of 32. The new officer was posted to the northern border, where Joseon troops regularly battled Jurchen (Manchu) invaders. Army Career Soon, young officer Yi became known throughout the army for his leadership and his strategic mastery.   He captured the Jurchen chief Mu Pai Nai in battle in 1583, dealing the invaders a crushing blow.  In the corrupt Joseon army, however, Yis early successes led his superior officers to fear for their own positions, so they decided to sabotage his career. Conspirators led by General Yi Il falsely accused Yi Sun Shin of desertion during a battle; he was arrested, stripped of his rank, and tortured. When Yi got out of prison, he immediately re-enlisted in the army as an ordinary foot-soldier.  Once again his strategic brilliance and military expertise soon got him promoted to commander of a military training center in Seoul, and later to military magistrate of a rural county. Yi Sun Shin continued to ruffle feathers, however, refusing to promote the friends and relatives of his superiors if they did not merit a higher position. This uncompromising integrity was very unusual in the Joseon army and made him few friends.   However, his value as an officer and strategist kept him from being purged. Navy Man At the age of 45, Yi Sun Shin was promoted to the rank of Commanding Admiral of the Southwestern Sea, in the Jeolla region, despite the fact that he had no naval training or experience.   It was 1590, and Admiral Yi was acutely aware of the growing threat posed to Korea by Japan. Japans taiko, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was determined to conquer Korea as a stepping stone to Ming China. From there, he even dreamed of expanding the Japanese Empire into India. Admiral Yis new naval command lay in a key position along Japans sea route to Seoul, the Joseon capital. Yi immediately began to build up the Korean navy in the southwest, and ordered the construction of the worlds first iron-clad, the turtle ship.  He stockpiled food and military supplies and instituted a strict new training regimen. Yis command was the only section of the Joseon military actively preparing for war with Japan. Japan Invades In 1592, Hideyoshi ordered his samurai army to attack Korea, beginning with Busan, on the southeast coast. Admiral Yis fleet sailed out to oppose their landing, and despite his complete lack of naval combat experience, he quickly defeated the Japanese at the Battle of Okpo, where he was outnumbered 54 ships to 70; the Battle of Sacheon, which was the debut of the turtle boat and resulted in every Japanese ship in the fight sinking; and several others. Hideyoshi, impatient at this delay, deployed all 1,700 of his available ships to Korea, meaning to crush Yis fleet and take control of the seas. Admiral Yi, however, responded in August 1592 with the Battle of Hansan-do, in which his 56 ships defeated a Japanese detachment of 73, sinking 47 of Hideyoshis ships without losing a single Korean one.  In disgust, Hideyoshi recalled his entire fleet. In 1593, the Joseon king promoted Admiral Yi to the commander of three provinces navies: Jeolla, Gyeongsang, and Chungcheong.  His title was Naval Commander of the Three Provinces. Meanwhile, however, the Japanese plotted to get Yi out of the way so that the Japanese armys supply lines would be secure. They sent a double agent called Yoshira to the Joseon Court, where he told Korean General Kim Gyeong-seo that he wanted to spy on the Japanese. The general accepted his offer, and Yoshira began feeding the Koreans minor intelligence. Finally, he told the general that a Japanese fleet was approaching, and Admiral Yi needed to sail to a certain area to intercept and ambush them. Admiral Yi knew that the supposed ambush was actually a trap for the Korean fleet, laid by the Japanese double agent.  The area for the ambush had rough waters that hid many rocks and shoals. Admiral Yi refused to take the bait.   In 1597, because of his refusal to sail into the trap, Yi was arrested and tortured almost to death.   The king ordered him executed, but some of the admirals supporters managed to get the sentence commuted. General Won Gyun was appointed to head the navy in his place; Yi once more was broken down to the rank of foot-soldier. Meanwhile, Hideyoshi launched his second invasion of Korea early in 1597.  He sent 1,000 ships carrying 140,000 men. This time, however, Ming China sent the Koreans thousands of reinforcements, and they managed to hold off the land-based troops. However, Admiral Yis replacement, Won Gyun, made a series of tactical blunders at sea that left the Japanese fleet in a much stronger position. On August 28, 1597, his Joseon fleet of 150 warships blundered into a Japanese fleet of between 500 and 1,000 ships. Only 13 of the Korean ships survived; Won Gyun was killed. The fleet that Admiral Yi had so carefully built was demolished. When King Seonjo heard about the disastrous Battle of Chilchonryang, he immediately reinstated Admiral Yi but the great admirals fleet had been destroyed. Nonetheless, Yi was defiant of orders to take his sailors ashore.  I still have twelve warships under my command, and I am alive. The enemy shall never be safe in the Western Sea! In October of 1597, he lured a Japanese fleet of 333 into the Myeongnyang Strait, which was narrow and dredged by a powerful current. Yi laid chains across the mouth of the strait, trapping the Japanese ships inside. As the ships sailed through the strait in a heavy fog, many hit rocks and sank. Those that survived were enveloped by Admiral Yis carefully deposed force of 13, which sank 33 of them without using a single Korean ship.   The Japanese commander Kurushima Michifusa was killed in action. Admiral Yis victory at the Battle of Myeongnyang was one of the greatest naval triumphs not just in Korean history, but in all of history. It thoroughly demoralized the Japanese fleet and cut the supply lines to the Japanese army in Korea. The Final Battle In December of 1598, the Japanese decided to break through the Joseon sea blockade and bring the troops home to Japan. On the morning of December 16, a Japanese fleet of 500 met Yis combined Joseon and Ming fleet of 150 at Noryang Strait. Once again, the Koreans prevailed, sinking about 200 of the Japanese ships and capturing an additional 100. However, as the surviving Japanese retreated, a lucky arquebus shot by one of the Japanese troops hit Admiral Yi in the left side. Yi feared that his death could demoralize the Korean and Chinese troops, so he told his son and nephew We are about to win the war.  Do not announce my death! The younger men carried his body below decks to conceal the tragedy and re-entered the fight. This drubbing at the Battle of Noryang was the last straw for the Japanese. They sued for peace and withdrew all troops from Korea. The Joseon kingdom, however, had lost its greatest admiral. In the final tally, Admiral Yi was undefeated in at least 23 naval battles, despite being seriously outnumbered in most of them. Although he had never fought at sea before Hideyoshis invasion, his strategic brilliance saved Korea from being conquered by Japan. Admiral Yi Sun Shin died defending a nation that had betrayed him more than once, and for that, he is still honored today throughout the Korean Peninsula and is even respected in Japan.

In light of ever-expanding network activity, what should be the role Essay

In light of ever-expanding network activity, what should be the role of supra-national organizations in crises like the Arab Spring and Libya in 2011 Why - Essay Example The mistreatment of the people in Libya and victims of the Arab Spring should have been a concern for the supra-national organizations. The political leaders in Africa for example in Libya use their power to oppress the minority. These leaders deny their subjects their human rights and make their lives miserable under their rule. The success of NATO depended on the chance of Libya emerging as a stable democratic nation.2 The success of supra-national organizations is dependent on their objectives. Doubts have been casted over the responsibility of networks to protect vulnerable populations. Supra-national organizations have the ability to protect the vulnerable through ensuring there are fair elections among less democratic state. Such states are exposed to unfair elections and election violence, as well as oppressive rules. However, the supra-national organizations have legal authority only over member states. This means that cases of Libya and the Arab Spring can be handled by the African Union or the United Nation among others.3 This is legal right of membership is the reason why Falk questions NATO’s involvement with Libyan issues. Conclusively, networks may be a threat to governments; however, confronting them is not a simple task. This is because interaction of individuals through the internet is the cause of the expansion of networks. Supra-national organizations must ensure every person around the globe practices his or her human rights. NATO intervention in Libya might be question, but despite going against the UN, NATO’s move might have saved lives of many individuals in Libya. Jie Tang, Irwin King, and Ling Chen, Advanced Data Mining and Applications: 7th International Conference, ADMA 2011, Beijing, China, December 17-19, 2011, Proceedings, Volume 1. New York: Springer,

Nursing Practice in Context 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing Practice in Context 4 - Assignment Example When the body digests proteins, there is usually the generation of waste products. These wastes become part of urine. Diabetes destroys the tiny blood vessels and holes, which act as filters when they are overburdened (Bruce & Paxton, 2008). After some years, the filters will stop functioning properly and some of the important proteins will leak into urine causing a condition called micro albunuria (American Diabetes Association, 2006). The initial symptom of the chronic diseases is the buildup of fluids at various body parts. Other signs entail insomnia, loss of appetite, and lack of concentration (American Diabetes Association, 2012).Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to premature mortality, low quality of life, and high life expenditures. Different diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity have played greater roles in the increase of chronic kidney diseases (Bruce & Paxton, 2008). The research indicated that obesity relates with diabetes and hypertension and the three ar e the major leading causes of chronic kidney diseases. In U.S, the numbers of adults with obesity have been doubling for the past three-decade (Bruce & Paxton, 2008). ... It will not rely on whether an individual looses weight through maintaining diet, exercising or undergoing bariatric surgery. The conducted studies reveals that weight loss reduces the rates of hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity. People should ensure that they maintain their diet and exercise in order to lose weight as it will help them in reducing the rates of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes (McBride & Korczak, 2007). Question 2 (B) The paper highlights the nursing care of Mrs. Mrs. Douglas Douglas who is 74 years old. She is a diabetic with many complications and she is admitted for surgery tomorrow. The two nursing problems that Mrs. Douglas has are nutritional deficit and electrolyte imbalance. She also has impaired skin integrity. The two nursing interventions explained in the paper are the acute and community care focus. Two evaluation criteria for each intervention will also be explained Priority Problem 1 Nutritional deficit and fruit imbalance One of the identifie d medical problems entails nutritional deficit and fluid imbalance. Mrs. Douglas is experiencing these problems because of her poor nutritional habits and she does not know about the illness processes. The assessment data used to support this diagnosis is the subjective data of the patients’ nutritional habits. Mrs. Douglas stated that she takes 1-2 glasses of juice and water per day, lack of knowledge of what to eat or drink, and sometimes she lacks appetite because of the bad taste in her mouth. The objective data that supports the diagnosis entail obesity and kidney disease. These are caused by taking food with high cholesterol, not doing enough exercises, and failure to take enough

The Function of the Narrator in Blood Brothers Essay Example for Free

The Function of the Narrator in Blood Brothers Essay There are other instances of the characters showing that they can feel the narrators attendance. When Mickey and Eddie meet again, Mrs Lyons spots them sneaking off and can feel a cold shiver going down her spine, as she is afraid that they might find out the truth. The narrator is in the room with her and begins to speak, Did you really feel that youd become secure, And that the past was tightly locked away The imagery of this speech is quite threatening with undertones of criminality in phrases such as locked away, debts to pay and reckoning day. This reinforces the narrators malevolent nature and creates an atmosphere of foreboding to which Mrs Lyons reaction is one of fear. The narrator also speaks or shouts directly at other characters and although they cant see him they often move to face him. This suggests that they can hear what he is saying. The narrator often mirrors the thoughts of the characters signifying that he may be acting as their subconscious. One example of this is when Mrs Johnstone begins to feel regretful after giving away one of her sons. As she has sworn on the bible, she cannot turn to God and, as the narrator says, there Aint no point in clutching. At your rosary. Here the narrator seems to be telling of Mrs Johnstones thoughts and the echo of her earlier conversation with Mrs Lyons in And you cant tell anyone also seems to be doing this. Mrs Johnstone knows that she cannot tell anyone that she has sold a son because Mrs Lyons has stated that if they ever find out the truth they will both immediately die. The narrators speech before Eddie heads to university is an important part of the play. It takes us from when they are fifteen through the three years till they are eighteen and describes the beauty of youth and the carefree attitude that they have as teenagers. However, it also hints that the future will not bring the same happiness. The narrator says Young, free and innocent, you havent got a care Apart from decidin on the clothes youre gonna wear The streets turned into Paradise, the radios singing dreams Youre innocent, immortal, youre just fifteen. This sums up their love for life and the feelings of freedom that they have at that time. However, the narrator then follows with And whod dare tell the lambs in Spring, What fate the later seasons bring. Whod tell the girl in the middle of the pair The price shell pay for just being there. This speech is used as an effective dramatic device to show the passing of time. As the characters are larking about in the background the narrator is hinting towards a worrying future and this contrast between the tones has the effect of casting a shadow over the latter part of the story and upsetting the comfortable atmosphere created earlier. More clues to the future of the story lie later in the speech when the narrator says, How living could be anything other than a dream When youre young, free and innocent and just eighteen The Mickey, Linda and Eddie leave and the narrator continues. And only if the three of them could stay like that forever, And only if we could predict no changes in the weather, And only if we didnt live in life, as well as dreams And only if we could stop and be forever, just eighteen. The repetition of And only shows that there is regret that it cant stay like that but also that the change is inevitable. This is a turning point in the play and the language of the speech shows that the three young characters have reached their prime, and that from now on there can only be a downward slide towards the tragic ending that the narrator foretold at the beginning of the play. In conclusion the narrator acts as a pivotal character in the play. He demonstrates some traits of a usual narrator such as bridging large gaps of time with his speech and beginning and concluding the play. However, he is also a far more important character than most narrators because he seems able to influence the characters, which is not seen in other plays. The audience also never know the identity of the narrator and his character does not develop like the other actors, which makes him more isolated and, although there is a dramatic relationship between the audience and the narrator, does not allow the audience to create empathy with him.

Essay --

Teagan Seeley Word Count: 1294 HWC 204 Benjamin Guyer December 17th 2013 â€Å"Exploration of Similarities in Religious Texts: A Further Look at the Koran, the Tanakh and the New Testament† People who practice the Abrahamic faiths of Judaism, Christianity and Islam collectively comprise over one half of the world’s population, and while disparities between these three religions are widely spread and politicized, the similarities between their religious texts outweigh their differences. A crucial similarity between these three religions is their view on Abraham as their spiritual patriarch (lecture). The Koran makes use of both the Tanakh and the New Testament, and while minor differences exist between these texts, the perspectives they share are far more significant. The Koran retains many of the core ideas found in the Tanakh and the New Testament, specifically in regards to the perception of Abraham, the status of God, and the role of women. Any religious text can be interpreted in any number of ways, and while it is easy to pull apart texts of different faiths and dissect the differences, finding common ground and similarities is arguably more important. As previously mentioned, one of the most important similarities between these three texts is the perception of Abraham. Abraham’s commitment to God was tested, and as it was proved, he is the basis for all three of the Abrahamic faiths. In Genesis, God speaks directly to Abraham, saying, â€Å"I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse; and in you all the families of the earth shall by blessed.† (Genesis 12:1-3) In the Tanakh, Abraham’s loyalty to God is tested throughout the Bible, and as Abraham’s devotion become apparent, God solidifies ... ...he New Testament, large themes and important messages resonate similarly across the three faiths. The power, authority and oneness of God is undeniable and unquestionable. Similarly, those who disobey the direct commands of God and who do evil will undoubtedly face his punishment. Also, all three religious texts outline a specific hierarchy that is inherent to the believers; God is above Christ, Christ is above men, and men are above women. The roles and rights of women were limited, and not questioned. As with any ancient text, a reader must be aware of the difference in historical cultures, interpretations and biases. With these texts not all being written at the same time, cultural shifts undoubtedly occurred, but the Koran makes use of ancient Jewish and Christian Scriptures, as evidenced by the similarities between the Koran, the Tanakh and the New Testament.

The Pumping Station on the Isle of Dogs as an Example of Postmodern Architecture

Postmodernism, as a divergence of modern design, has become more of a tree, with many sub consecutive subdivisions stemming from the same root. Jencks describes this as, â€Å"nearly every major postmodern designer has adopted parts of the classical vocabulary† [ 1 ] . It is justified by other resurgences related straight or indirectly to classicalism. In my sentiment by stating â€Å"the resurgence seems to be pragmatically motivated† Jencks was conveying that all these resurgences were traveling back to rudimentss, to the European cradle of architecture. All ‘attempts’ of reinventing the wheel, in his sentiment, ended with debacle ; and therefore started looking back to the beginning. Nevertheless, classical architecture as we know it was used in of import and frequently olympian edifices, they were a minority of lodging stock built at that clip, therefore ; â€Å"As Joseph Rykwert has shown, the beginnings and development of the word ‘classicism à ¢â‚¬Ëœ have ever kept a category differentiation, connoting societal favoritism along with the architectural variety† [ 2 ] . This manner links modern-day constructions to the canon of architecture which were built harmonizing to certain â€Å"ancient norms of perfection† [ 3 ] which were already established by the Greeks. Temples or other of import edifices were backed up by a double/hidden significance, this might be something to make with booming philosophical idea, doing a edifice more complex than it might look. The Pumping Station in the Isle of Dogs designed by John Outram, so called the ‘Temple of Storms’ ; was clearly designed with the classical Grecian temple in head. This resulted in concerns that such a edifice might non be fit for its intent. The chief concern was functionality, everything else was considered otiose by the client as it was merely to be visited by applied scientists during hebdomadal care cheques. Possibly ignoring this, Outram decided to plan it with sculptural architecture in head. Since building the client, London Docklands Development Authority ( LDDC ) , has deemed it suited to its intent. Like most classical edifices this is besides related to the spiritual beliefs of the age. It has been designed to look like a goddess â€Å"walking out of the river† [ 4 ] on brace of leg like columns. The mated outsize, mostly cosmetic columns represent the stableness and hardiness of edifice. 3m diameter columns were considered appropriate, particularly because this portion of London was frequently flooded, and the edifice, harmonizing to brief was to hold a life span of 100 old ages in this unfavorable environment. This has been achieved by making a superimposed construction, where the extended usage of brick that is used externally every bit good as internally, is merely cladding, used for the coveted visual aspect as opposed to its structural heritage as a stuff. The chief construction is made of a portal frame that is cased with unmoved dramatis personae concrete, which provides protection against fire and corrosion. This is shown as necessary investing by the value of t he land it is protecting against implosion therapy, which would do huge harm to the metropolis should the machinery the edifices contains fail. The walls, non merely the columns are extensively thick and over engineered, it about feels as though it is a sand trap, emerging from the land, it gives definite statement ‘nothing is traveling to travel me’ . The construction of this edifice uses 3 common burden bearing edifice stuffs. Steel, present in signifier of the portal frame, concrete, and finished with brick. â€Å"The building of a new linguistic communication from the fragments of the old 1s is common in eclectic periods, and Postmodern Classicism is unquestionably syncretic† [ 5 ] . Having this extended usage of three stuffs all accomplishing the same map shows that this design starts off being eclectic, even at the structural degree. The outside is besides kept in same visual aspect with smaller columns on either side in a different manner. Colour suggests integrity among the stuff picks and a divergency from the stylistic beginnings, for illustration most of the edifice is covered in gray technology brick, binding it with likewise coloured paving brick environing the edifice. This shows hardiness and in a manner, merely like in Richardsonian architecture, suggests that the edifice is go uping from the land and yet is still held/pushed down by a high volume overhanging roof. The usage of brick and the horizontal division with different coloured brick besides gives a certain nexus to another American designer, Frank Lloyd Wright. He uses similar techniques as described earlier, where the roof ‘pushes’ the edifice down, however he uses with Roman brick, and horizontally articulated brick, giving the consequence of a much wider and lower edifice. Outram used this fast one to interrupt up the facade and accomplish a similar consequence. This can besides be representative of the tide rise and falling, while the Thames, as any river, leaves horizontal Markss. The forepart and back facades, have two big columns which â€Å"are orangish-red, and stand Forth from the boxlike organic structure of the ‘mountain ‘ apparently capable of back uping the roof-raft on their four giant organic structures alone.† [ 6 ] , With a narrow Grey brick set at the underside, doing it look li ke clay rinsing down after stepping out of the Thames, one time once more the edifice demoing its hidden significance. The ‘boxy mountain’ is largely made out of Grey technology brick common in constructions such as railroad Bridgess, tied with a thick xanthous stock brick ( used for their ability to command H2O and supply a care free tegument ) , with minor ruddy brick horizontal speech patterns binding all frontages together. The side faces are similar in construct, they are extrapolations of the forepart, maintaining the Centre of the face between columns unique. In this sense it might be more appropriate to state that front facade is ‘clipping’ the sides with two columns. The side walls are accentuated with minor Tuscan pilasters partitioned into 3 articulated castings. Resting on a white concrete set on top of yet more brick, holding been arranged to organize bases for pilasters above. With any classical manner, building columns play a large function, each one of the four ‘legs’ has a brick shaft and pre-cast concrete capital with a centralized cylinder. â€Å"To this interior bluish cylinder are attached radiating ‘fins ‘ of painted concrete, which give the four giant columns the gloss of a ‘capital ‘ † [ 7 ] The capitals are made of concrete and painted with 4 vivid colorss, demoing the kernel of what post-modern classicalism may be considered as being. Simple geometric forms cast in concrete, doing it modern in footings of its fiction and design in comparing with how an ancient Grecian temple would hold been. The vivid colors, used as a signifier of ornament have been assembled in a calculated manner ; this has been even spotted by William Turnbull, composing in the Architect ‘s Journal, he talks about the â€Å"congruence of the Pumping Station design with the narrative of the beginning of the Corinthian column described by Vitruvius.† [ 8 ] These modern and classical motives feel about indispensable for the manner, however critics may state that it is more of eclectic design, unluckily in architecture there is seldom a right or incorrect reply. We can come across primary colorss when looking at the precast concrete beams, although when looking closely at them, they look more like a wooden construction or at least more lightweight, back uping an elegant roof. The pediment, with a centralized fan, shows that it’s non merely, the Temple of Storms but besides the temple of mechanical technology. Yet, it maintains a classical expression and feel, last but non least it implements its design via articulation in its color strategy. The forepart of the pediment is made of corrugated steel, painted white, with a black fashionable boundary line, the same applies to the turbine’s white blades with a black boundary line. This might look like all of the edifice is exposed and analysed, but nil could be more incorrect, the edifice itself is merely portion of the architecture of this topographic point. As in the original brief it was stated that the edifice needs to be vandal and more significantly terrorist cogent evidence. One of methods to accomplish this was to step the edifice back and firmly fencing it, surround it off to people that may damage it. But what is the point of constructing a ‘Temple’ , a great piece of architecture, and so concealing it? Outram spent clip planing entryway gate and environing wall. This concrete cantilever wall clad in brick is really robust, so much so that there are rumors ( non official, but sensible ) that the wall is capable of halting any auto from perforating into the site. This wall is divided with 220mm slits that allow public to see in and look up to the edifice, but more significantly from security point of position and harmonizing to Outram â⠂¬Å"These are designed to let the Public to see anyone who has entered the compound of this uninhabited edifice, and describe it to the Police.† [ 9 ] This leads to the crown gem of the fencing – the gate. Gate and the country around it is planned out to complement the edifice. It is symmetrical, following the same axis that full edifice is. The circle on top is placed such that when person is looking directly at the edifice it frames the building’s iconic characteristic the fan absolutely. As Outram wrote: â€Å"the steel-tube gate into the bastioned compound of the Station is given a signifier of a elephantine oculus, whose vacant ball can be got to line-up with the ‘solar cave'-between-two-mountains. The two wings of the gate-eye so lie over the two ( aetos ) ‘eagles-wings ‘ of the split pediment.† The gate is bracketed by two 2.8m column membranophones, these columns are used as plantation owners, the traditional capital has been replaced by workss. Possibly this is paying testimonial to thought behind Corinthian columns which had flowered carvings all over its capital, and merely like Outram suggested â€Å"plants sprout, stressing their function a s ‘ruined ‘ sentinels† . The ‘columns’ are besides really practical, as at the base, they are partly hollowed and can be used as storage for horticulture and other care equipment. In short the pumping station at the isle of Canis familiariss is a great illustration of postmodern architecture. The columns used are representative of both modern and classical manners. The edifice is full of dual significance and concealed links to the classical canon of Grecian architecture. The ‘Temple of Storms’ fits absolutely into it’s context, which even though abandoned besides being functional, remains as a piece of architecture. And merely similar classical architecture was about obsessed with columns, this is column oriented physique, reenforcing what I said earlier, this physique, and decidedly certain parts, are the kernel of postmodern classicalism.

KFC Marketing Plan Essay

KFC formally known as Kentucky Fried Chicken is the world biggest and most popular chicken-based restaurant chain, headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky in the United State. It is originally founded by Colonel Harland Sander in 1952. Throughout its rapid growth it has now over 150,000 stores available nationwide in 105 countries boosting 59 years of history of success and innovation. In Malaysia, the first KFC restaurant was open in 1973 on Jalan Tunkul Abdul Rahman, and today there are more than 500 outlets throughout Malaysia and are still counting (KFC, 2011). 2.0 KFC Current Concept and Practice Malaysia’s KFC restaurant is an organization that runs and managed by Malaysian which practices self service concept in it business. Customer need to serve themselves when doing purchasing. Besides that, it also practices on the concept of Halal food. Halal food is food that conforms to Islamic Law or Shariah, it regulates that food consumed must be hygienic, not harmful to health, free from any forbidden parts of animals’ origin and anything regarded as filth under the Islamic law (KFC, 2011). 3.0 KFC Marketing Mix (7P’s) Marketing mix strategy is choosing and implementing the best course of action to meet the organization goal and gain competitive edge. The 7ps of marketing mix is one of the most popular used marketing concepts by marketing professional. It composes of product and service, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence (Behera, 2008). 3.1 Product and service Product is the tangible product or service offered to customer to provide customer satisfaction. No matter the product is tangible or intangible, it must provide the right feature and value to customer that include aspect such as appearance, function, and packaging (Anon., 2010). KFC are well known for his signature pressure-fried chicken pieces made with the original recipe. KFC primarily sell chicken in form of pieces, and salads (Wisnudewobroto, 2011). Although the main focus product is fried chicken, but KFC also developed a wide range of product offering variety choices to customer. It includes of burgers, signature Kentucky Nuggets, and wraps with a wide range of side dishes and dessert to pair with (KFC, 2011). 3.2 Price Price is the amount of money customer pay for a product (Anon., 2012). The price offered must be reasonable and competitive, and most importantly is to entail profit. The pricing tactics include not only the price list but it also comprise of on-going discount, offers and promotions (Behera, 2008). KFC products are priced high but not high overly, and their target customers are middle class people. However, to compete with other fast food restaurant KFC trickle down product price for selected item during mealtime to attract lower middle class customer to penetrate both sides of the markets (Wisnudewobroto, 2011). Promotions such as KFC a.m., Lunch Treats and, dinner treats are the current promotion available at KFC (KFC 2012). 3.3 Place Place refers to the location, and distribution channel whereby the product is reachable and can be purchased by the target customer and how the product reaches the location (Behera, M., 2008). KFC has over 500 outlets nationwide, and are generally in easy reached, nearby location. Besides dine in option, KFC also provide home delivery service up to customer doorstep and drive through counter offering convenience and different alternatives to customer, however these services are only available at selected area with fixed menu. In the same time KFC also developed the â€Å"Meals on Wheels†, a catering service for all sort of functions and occasion which can be done at any place (KFC, 2011). 3.4 Promotion Promotion includes various ways in selling and communication in spreading information to target customer of what the organization has to offer. Promotion tactics comprises of advertisement, public relation and sales promotion. A successful promotion strategy will be able to draw customer attention to be aware of the product and affect customer behavior (Behera, 2008). The distribution channel of KFC is quite varieties such as television advertisement, internet, and templates. Lately, KFC have come out with a range of attractive promotion item, KFC Cracker Sandwich, Lunch Treats, Zinger Double Down, Pokkits, and Bargain Bucket are examples (KFC, 2011). 3.5 People People refer to the individual that involve in the sales of product, such as attendant who deliver the service, promoter and product salesperson. Therefore these people are the important element for the organization. Adequate product knowledge training is essential to these people (Behera, M., 2008). KFC’s front-line staff always dressed neatly and appropriately. All staff is provided with appropriate standard working uniforms and is required put it on while on duty (KFC, 2012). Besides that, KFC also provide great serve training to employees. The front line staffs are nice and friendly, staffs greet every walk in customer with a smiley faces, and prompt in servicing customer (Mohammad, 2007). 3.6 Process The process in marketing mix is especially relevant to the service industry. It is the procedure of delivering service to customer, and the behavior of the person who serve. It is critical to customer satisfaction, hence, it is important to keep staff well trained in order to have a thorough understanding towards the service available (Anon., 2009). KFC is a self-service concept fast food restaurant (Anon., 2012). Dislike fine dining restaurant, customer need to help themselves from ordering up to picking up their meal. There is no hostess available as well, customers are free to choose their preferred seats to dine in. Sauces are available at the condiment bar in the dining area for free load. 3.7 Physical Evidence Physical evidence is the experience of using a product or a service. Customer cannot experience before they make a purchase which will make them feel risky, however organization can reduce this uncertainty by providing evidence to customer through testimonial demonstration showing that the organization keeps its promise. (Anon., 2009). The bright and bold graphic designs in KFC that showcase the company’s icons â€Å"11 secret recipe† and â€Å"Finger Linckin Good† communicate a fresh sense of pride towards its starring result of their product. While the warm and contemporary design and spacious seating makes customer feel welcome and cozy (KFC, 2011). 4.0 Marketing Objective The objective for this marketing plan is to increase sales revenue up to 20% by final year 2013. The reason for proposing this objective is to boost company sales revenue for KFC product range in this global economic downturn by the end of 2013 whilst gain a competitive edge in fast food business. 5.0 Marketing Strategy KFC decided to launch veggie burger and veggie warp in coming 15th December 2012. A 100% vegetarian product food product firstly available in KFC. The new products are named â€Å"Vege Bugger† & â€Å"Vege Wrap†, it is a hamburger style and wraps that does not contain any animal products. The patty of the veggie burger and wrap is 100% free from animal product. It is made from vegetables, grains, seed, and textured vegetables proteins, legume, soy, beans, nuts and mushrooms are examples. It will also blend in the KFC signature recipe, the Sander â€Å"Original Recipe† which contain of 11 herbs spices making it healthy and delicious. This concept comes from the changes of consumer behaviors in society these days. It is clear that consumers are much more health conscious today than ever before when come to food consumption. They are more conscious when they buy and seeking out food product, and generally prefer foodstuffs which is health benefited (Ligaya, 2009). In addition, the widespread in vegetarianism is another main factor that builds up this concept. According to Kayne, (2012), vegetarian diet is significantly healthier then diet which include meat and animal product. Studies have found that decrease of meat intake will increase health benefits and longevity might increase as much as 20 percent. Therefore eating green and healthy whilst saving the environment are the concepts for the new product. This 100% vegetarian ingredients product enables to attract new batch of potential customer which KFC has never target before. 5.1 One Year Integrated Marketing Plan The group of customer that KFC has decided to target for is vegetarian and health conscious consumer, as the main selling point of Vege Burger and Vege Wraps stressed on non animal product and healthy food. In the one year marketing plan, KFC marketing team will be using multi-market strategy in promoting the new product. The segment covers adults, children, family and budget customer who is looking for healthy and delicious food. The purpose of using this strategy is to target every possible customer segment as possible to increase and maintain revenue for the company. 5.1.1 Product and Service The new product KFC will be going to introduce is Vege Burger and Vege Wrap. It will be launch in the 15th Dec 2012, targeting health conscious consumer and vegetarian segment. The Vege Burger and Vege Wraps emphasized on 100% veggie made, and 100% free from meat, even the sauce and cheese used are 100% vegetarian. The burger and wrap are hi in fiber and protein and low in cholesterol as meat component has been replace by vegetables and use zero trans fat oil, thus it is the perfect choice for weight conscious customer. The burger and wraps will come in standard size, however customer may customize on the fillings according to their preferences as KFC are using customization strategies for this new product to attract more customer. The morale behind is that people can choose what they wanted for their food, customer will be more satisfied if they can choose what they want, and are not restrained with fixed menu. In order to get more new customer, continuous innovation and improvise will take place from time to time according to preference and taste of customer. 5.1.2 Price KFC come up with different pricing and bundling strategies for the new launch product, the Vege Burger and Vege Wrap, such as lunch treat, combo meal, and family meal. The super worthy meal enable to attract middle and lower class customer to increase overall sales volume. On the other hand, KFC is also using skimming pricing strategy on the new product. As the product is new, company need to adjust the price from time to time base on customer respond and cost of production. The product price will be firstly fixed in the range from RM 8 to RM 15, base on the type and size of meal ordered, however changes will occur whenever necessary. If the charges of the product are too low it might lead to customer perception that the food quality is poor, while charging for the product too high will cause customer to switch their preferences to other competitors. KFC also will take into consideration on the probable reaction from other competitor in their pricing strategy 5.1.3 Place Place is the main distribution channel, it is important so that the product is available to the customer at the right place, at the right time and with adequate quantity. Vege Burger and Vege Wraps will be launch at every single KFC outlet in Malaysia. They will be available throughout Malaysia as the idea is everyone can enjoy good food. However it will be firstly launch at outlet located in big cities before spreading to the rest. Besides than KFC restaurant outlet Vege Burger and Vege Wrap will also be available through online ordering and home delivery service. 5.1.4 Promotion In order to draw customer attention and to persuade customer to purchase the Vege Burger and Vege Wrap, KFC has come up with different promotions strategies and tactics to tackle as many customer as possible. For instance, special discount rate will be offer on the first three months when the Vege Burger and Vege Wrap is launch. Set meals upon ordering during lunch time and dinner time will be given special rate, which include of a standard size Veggie Burger or wrap, a non sugar carbonated drink and a coleslaw salad as side dish. Customer with large order quantity will be given cash voucher which applicable on their next purchase. Besides that, KFC use various promotion channels to effectively communicate the product information, to make people to aware of the new item, feel positive and remember it well. KFC apply broadcast advertising through newspaper, radio and TV program, the best and important marketing medium for promotion. KFC will advertise on the front page on the best selling newspaper to draw reader’s attention, paper such as Kwong Wah daily, The Star and News Strait Times. In addition television and radio advertisement will be broadcast during golden hours. 5.1.5 People KFC understand the importance of its employee and value customer, a happy customer result from the service provided from a happy employee. KFC will punt in extra effort and marketing their employee training and recruitment. 5.1.6 Process Due to the vegetarian sensitivity and particular in the process of food preparation, KFC will practice transparency to confide consumer in the coming launch product. The food manufacturing at KFC is completely transparent, food preparation process are visible to customer across the counter. It enable customer to view and judge the hygienic standard in KFC, besides that is also allow customer to know the ingredients used for food that they consume. This practice creates a solid proof to customer gaining their confident towards KFC. As Vege Burger and Vege Wrap is 100% vegan, ingredients will be prepared separately, using dedicated utensils and equipment. On the other hand, special training will be provided to all employees on method of cooking and preparation giving thorough knowledge to employee towards the new product. Managers are also designated to monitor the process of preparation to ensure standard procedures are follow. 5.1.7 Physical Evidence KFC focuses on the cleanliness and hygienic interior of its outlet especially at the dining area, providing a clean and hygienic dining environment to customer. In the same time, maintain attractive and proper decorum at its joints. Better facilities will be provide at KFC centre, such as internet facilities and dedicated area for children to play while parent can have quality time together. In order to match up with the launch of Vege Burger and Vege Wraps, KFC also launch a new design working uniform for their staff which come in green color imaging of eating green and living healthy. Physical appearance affects not only the impression from outsiders but it also a company brand image. 6.0 Budget KFC is using competitive parity method for company budget. In order to defend against competition, KFC will compare its budget with major competitors like Mc Donald’s and Burger King, spending as much as competitor. Example, if competitor is spending RM 500,000 in their promotion, KFC will also allocate the same or almost equal amount for their brand promotion. This method is easy to implement, it does not occur complicated forecast and appraisal, and most importantly, it enable to prevent competitor from making inroad to the company market share. 7.0 Controlling and Evaluation 7.1 Operation control Operation control focuses on day-to-day operation. To effectively control the operation and reduce risk, it requires standard policies and procedure to ensure a consistence standard of business runs. KFC operational control management will monitor the daily operation of the outlets especially towards the aspect of personnel and technology to avoid any obstacle occurs from affecting stores operation. A systematic system ensured activities carried out accordingly as planned. Corrective action will be taken by management whenever is necessary. 7.2 Strategy Control In the strategy control KFC management will look into the planning and tactics implement to reach the objective that has been targeted. Proper monitoring will be put into practice from carry out up to completion of the strategy such as promotion, advertising activities, and pricing. At the end management will analyse on how effective is the planning from the result. Revision and changes will be made to improve it if necessary. 7.3 Evaluation Lastly, final evaluation will be carry out to review the respond and comment from customer towards KFC. Customer feedback will be majorly focused on comment through questionnaire, customer forum, and feedback form. Besides that KFC will also ask for real-life comments where feedbacks were warranted. Customer will be asked to expand their feedback and how would they like to have the job done or handled. Looking at the service from customer point of view would provide a better understanding on what customer really need. In addition, sending mystery shopper can also help to monitor the quality of customer service and food furnished. Assessment can be carried out by reviewing the service level provided by front-line staff, food standard, and outlet environment. Thus help the management to evaluate the overall performance of an outlet. Feedbacks compiled will be filter by management selecting whichever is useful to the company and problem will be brought to attention according to severity so that appropriate remedial action can be taken. KFC will ensure follow up on every customer to see whether the solution has helped the customer, and will also maintain customer database so that company can send regular questionnaires and receive new opinion and ideas from customer for future improvement. Every feedback from customer is valuable therefore small gift like cash vouchers will be given to thanks customer for giving helpful tips and as a sense of respect to encourage ongoing open communication from customer in future. Appendixes Appendix A: References 1. Behera, M., 2008. The 7Ps of Marketing Mix. [online] Available at: [Accessed 29 November 2012] 2. Kayne, R., 2012. Has it been proven that Vegetarian Diet is Really Healthier? [online] Available at: [Accessed 5 December 2012] 3. KFC (Holdings) Malaysia Bhd., 2011. KFC Malaysia. [online] Available at: [Accessed 29 November 2012] 4. KFC, 2011. Newsroom. [online] Available at: [Accessed 13 December 2012] 5. KFC, 2012. ABOUT US. [online] Available at: [Accessed 29 November 2012] 6. KFC, 2012. Jom KFC. [online] Available at: [Accessed 10 December 2012] 7. KFC, 2012. Colonel’s Menu. [online] Available at: [Accessed 10 December 2012] 8. KFC, 2012. Colonel’s Menu. [online] Available at: [Accessed 11 December 2012] 9. KFC, 2012. KFC Holding (Malaysia) BHD Annual Report. [online] Available at: [Accessed 9 December 2012] 10. KFC, 2012. Colonel’s Menu. [online] Available at: [Accessed 11 December 2012] 11. Ligaya, A., 2009. Consumer more health conscious. [online] Available at: [Accessed 13 December 2012] 12. Management Study Guide, 2008-2012. Marketing Mix-meaning and its Elements. [online] Available at: [Accessed 29 November 2012] 13. Medialine. [online] Available at: [Accessed 10 December 2012] 14. Mohammad, N., A., 2007. KFC outlet with a difference. [online] Available at: [Accessed 9 December 2012] 15. Prads.net, 2012. KFC – Tripureswor. [online] Available at: [Accessed 13 December 2012] 16. Poh Huai Bin, 2010. KFC Zinger Double Down Burger. [online] Available at: [Accessed 13 December] 17. The Chartered Institute of Marketing, 2009. Marketing and the 7Ps. [online] Available at: [Accessed 1 December 2012] 18. Wisnudewobroto, 2011. Kentucky Fried Chicken Marketing Strategy (English). [online] Available at: [Accessed 1 December 2012] 19. WordPress, 2012. Top food and beverage trends to watch in 2013. [online] Available at: < www.stonehearthnewsletters.com/top-food-and-beverage-trends-to-watch-in-2013/nutrition-marketing/> [Accessed 13 December 2012] 20. You! Bumpit! 2008. COMPETITIVE-PARITY METHOD. [online] Available at: [Accessed 10 December 2012